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Lengthened consonants mark the beginning of words

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Speech consists of a continuous stream of acoustic signals, yet humans can segment words from each other with astonishing precision and speed. To find out how this is possible, a team of linguists has analysed durations of consonants at different positions in words and utterances across a diverse sample of languages. They have found that word-initial consonants are, on average, around 13 milliseconds longer than their non-initial counterparts. The diversity of languages for which this effect was found suggests that this might be a species-wide pattern -- and one of several key factors for speech perception to distinguish the beginning of words within the stream of speech. http://dlvr.it/TDdxVF
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Social media posts may provide early warning of PTSD problems

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Scientists have analyzed millions of tweets to identify COVID-19 survivors living with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) -- demonstrating the effectiveness of using social media data as a tool for early screening and intervention. http://dlvr.it/TDdhm2
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Study of former NFL players finds 1 in 3 believe they have CTE

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A study of nearly 2,000 former NFL players shows one-third believe that they have chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Those individuals were more likely to report cognitive symptoms, and 25% of them also reported suicidal thoughts. The players who thought they had CTE also were more likely to have low testosterone, depression, pain and other treatable conditions that cause cognitive symptoms. http://dlvr.it/TDbTFK
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Penny for your thoughts? Master copper regulator discovery may offer Alzheimer's clues

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A study using a tiny roundworm could pave the way for new treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers linked the worm gene swip-10 to copper regulation -- a vital element for brain health found in everyday items like wiring and cookware. Understanding the roles of swip-10 and MBLAC1, a protein involved in processing cellular materials, could lead to the development of effective medications for neurodegenerative diseases. This research opens new avenues for advancing brain disease treatments. http://dlvr.it/TDZpjl
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Understanding changes in pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease

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A new study provides important insight into how amyloid-beta and tau proteins impact brain activity and possibly contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. http://dlvr.it/TDYLpM
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Adding nuance to link between brain structure and ideology

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Using MRI scans of almost 1,000 Dutch people, researchers show that there is indeed a connection between brain structure and ideology. However, the connection is smaller than expected. Nevertheless, the researchers find it remarkable that differences in the brain are linked to something as abstract as ideology. http://dlvr.it/TDV933
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Revealing the neuronal pathways involved in adaptive decision-making in primates

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Neuronal pathways originating from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain participate in different adaptive behaviors, but which pathways are used for distinct adaptive strategies remains unclear. In a recent study, researchers from Japan conducted behavioral experiments on monkeys whose OFC pathways could be selectively silenced chemically. Findings demonstrate how these independent pathways are linked to experience-based adaptation and knowledge-based adaptation in primates. http://dlvr.it/TDTv5k
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When serotonin dims the light

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Signals in our brain are not always processed in the same way: certain receptors modulate these mechanisms, influencing our mood, perception, and behavior in various ways. One of these is the 5-HT2A receptor, which has a recently discovered unique characteristic: it dampens incoming visual information, giving our brain more space for internal processes and interpretations. This discovery could also help explain the effects of drugs like LSD. When this receptor is overactivated, external sensory input is suppressed, and the brain generates more internally-driven images. http://dlvr.it/TDTtnr
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Adhesive cortical device enables artifact-free neuromodulation for closed-loop epilepsy treatment

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Researchers have developed a groundbreaking soft cortical device that could revolutionize the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. http://dlvr.it/TDSKMq
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Activity in brain system that controls eye movements highlights importance of spatial thinking

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The superior colliculus is a midbrain region that is traditionally thought to help animals orient themselves toward important locations in space, like directing their eyes and head toward a bright flash of light. New research shows that this part of the brain also plays a role in complex cognitive tasks like visual categorization and decision making. http://dlvr.it/TDS7zQ
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Higher levels of leptin indicate brain protection against late-life dementia

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A study more closely links obesity to dementia, finding that leptin, a hormone that helps maintain normal body weight, is associated with better signal-transmitting brain white matter in middle-aged adults. http://dlvr.it/TDPbwN
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Brain vasculature changes important for predicting cognitive impairment

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Researchers published a study showing that several measurements of the brain, including blood flow and the brain's ability to compensate for the lack of it, are better predictors of mild cognitive impairment than risk factors like hypertension and high cholesterol. http://dlvr.it/TDPKtm
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Improving eye tracking to assess brain disorders

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Using piezoelectricity, an engineering team developed wearable sensors to examine eye movement to assess brain disorders or damage to the brain. http://dlvr.it/TDPKct
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Genetic risk-factor overlap between Alzheimer's disease, and all-cause and vascular dementias

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Medical researchers conducted the largest-ever genome-wide association study of all-cause dementia, finding substantial genetic overlap with vascular dementia. http://dlvr.it/TDMK4S
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Scientists mix sky's splendid hues to reset circadian clocks

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Those mesmerizing blue and orange hues in the sky at the start and end of a sunny day might have an essential role in setting humans' internal clocks. A novel LED light that emits alternating wavelengths of orange and blue outpaced two other light devices in advancing melatonin levels in a small group of study participants. The finding appears to establish a new benchmark in humans' ability to influence their circadian rhythms, and reflects an effective new approach to counteract seasonal affective disorder (SAD). http://dlvr.it/TDKBpb
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New study reveals changes in the brain throughout pregnancy

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Researchers follow the dramatic changes that occur in the brain throughout the course of pregnancy. http://dlvr.it/TDKBd8
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Getting autism right

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Contrary to common perceptions and years of research that autistic people can't describe their emotions or often have muted emotional responses, a new study concludes that many autistic adults are in fact acutely aware of their feelings and can label them in vivid, often colorful detail. http://dlvr.it/TDK15s
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Vital language sites in brain act like connectors in a social network

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When surgeons perform brain surgery on people with brain tumors or epilepsy, they need to remove the tumor or abnormal tissue while preserving parts of the brain that control language and movement. A new study may better inform doctors' decisions about which brain areas to preserve, thereby improving patients' language function after brain surgery. The study expands the understanding of how language is encoded in the brain and identifies key features of critical sites in the cerebral cortex that work together to produce language. http://dlvr.it/TDK0qz
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Spiny mice point the way to new path in social neuroscience

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Scientists zeroed in on brain circuitry powering the desire of spiny mice to live in large groups, opening the door to a new model for the study of complex social behaviors in mammals. http://dlvr.it/TDK0bs
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Wearable brain imaging device shines a light on how babies respond in real-world situations

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A technology which uses harmless light waves to measure activity in babies' brains has provided the most complete picture to date of brain functions like hearing, vision and cognitive processing outside a conventional, restrictive brain scanner. http://dlvr.it/TDGs3T
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